MD Insights: Expired Medications
Is it safe to take expired medications? Learn exactly what steps you should take if you discover medications have expired.
What To Do If You Take Expired Medications
Accidentally taking an expired medication is a common concern. Before you worry, let’s clarify what an expiration date really means and what steps one should take
Understanding Medication Expiration Dates
The expiration date on medications indicates the last date the manufacturer can guarantee full potency and safety of the drug. According to a study by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from the late 90s, about 90% of over 100 tested drugs, including prescription and over-the-counter, were found to be safe to use beyond this date. However, some medications require more caution.
Critical Medications
Assess the type of medication that has expired. If the medication falls into one of the categories below, immediate action may be necessary:
- Serious Condition Medications: Drugs used for serious conditions, such as heart rhythm medications, where full potency is crucial.
- Sustained or Delayed Release Formulas: Medications labeled as extended-release, sometimes also shortened as XR or ER, are critical for maintaining steady levels in the body.
- Medications Showing Physical Decay: Includes liquid antibiotics, insulin, nitroglycerin, and eye drops. These can degrade and potentially become harmful.
- Emergency Medications: Such as Epi-pens and drugs used for acute allergic reactions.
- Sedatives or Sleep Aids: These drugs could pose risks if their potency is compromised.
In such cases, contact your healthcare provider immediately for guidance and to possibly obtain a new prescription.
Common Over-the-Counter Medications
The primary concern with over-the-counter medications after expiration is the gradual loss of potency. While this does not immediately render drugs like acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or Benadryl ineffective or dangerous, it’s wise to keep your healthcare provider informed if you consume them past their expiration date. The urgency to see a doctor depends on how long past the expiration the medication was taken and the dosage used.
Optimal Drug Storage
Proper storage can significantly extend the efficacy and shelf life of your medications. Here are some effective strategies for maintaining the integrity of your medications:
- Follow Storage Instructions: Always adhere to the storage guidelines provided on the medication’s packaging or the patient information leaflet.
- Use Original Packaging: Keep medications in their original packaging to maintain label visibility and packaging integrity.
- Control Temperature and Humidity: Store medications at room temperature, typically between 68°F and 77°F, and keep them away from moisture.
- Protect from Light: Store sensitive medications away from direct sunlight in a dark place like a cabinet.
- Safety First: Ensure medications are out of reach of children and pets. Use child-safe containers if necessary.
Safe Drug Disposal
It is equally important to know how to dispose of medications responsibly after expiration. Here are guidelines for responsible drug disposal:
- Use Drug Take-Back Programs: Check for local drug take-back programs, which are often provided through pharmacies or law enforcement agencies.
- Do Not Flush Medications: Avoid flushing medications down the toilet or sink, which can lead to environmental contamination.
- Secure Disposal: If no drug take-back program is available, remove personal information from the packaging, mix the medications with an undesirable substance like coffee grounds or cat litter, seal them in a plastic bag, and dispose of them in the trash.
- Follow Specific Disposal Guidelines: To ensure safety, follow specific FDA disposal guidelines for controlled substances and certain high-risk medications.
Understanding the nuances of expiration dates, practicing optimal drug storage, and disposing of medications responsibly are essential steps in ensuring both personal and community safety. By staying informed about the potential risks and properly handling expired medications, you can make safer decisions that protect your health and the environment.
When in doubt, consult a healthcare professional for the best course of action. They can provide personalized advice based on your specific situation and the medications involved. Together, we can promote a healthier and more informed approach to medication management. So, the next time you discover a medication has expired, you’ll know exactly what steps to take.
MD Insights
Dr. James Yost, Chief Medical Officer at CRH Healthcare
An Emory alum with 30 years of healthcare experience and 17 years as a practicing physician, Dr. Yost cares deeply about the patient experience, inside and outside our centers. Starting this year, Dr. Yost will be answering our patients’ most common questions through MD Insights, with practical and trustworthy advice.